LeMaster & Daniels

Clear reporting language

Financial explanations should help a reader understand what changed and why.

Name the movement

Start with the account, period and direction of change. Avoid vague descriptions such as improved performance when the actual movement concerns collections, inventory or a one-off transaction.

Separate cause and effect

Explain the operational cause before the accounting effect. Distinguish recorded facts from management expectations. Readers should be able to tell which statements describe the period and which depend on future events.

Edit for the reader

Define technical terms when they are necessary and remove them when they are not. Check that the narrative agrees with the statements and notes. Concise language is valuable only when it preserves the meaning.

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